Some things I've learned on my search about my cancer:
Ovarian cancer is an abnormal growth of cells that forms a tumor in the tissues of an ovary, fallopian tube, or the peritoneum (abdominal lining). It is a serious disease because it often does not cause noticeable symptoms until it has reached an advanced stage, making early detection difficult.Â
Symptoms
Symptoms can be vague and easily mistaken for less serious, common conditions like irritable bowel syndrome or premenstrual syndrome. If symptoms are new, persistent (daily for more than a few weeks), and a change from normal, it is important to see a healthcare provider.Â
Key symptoms include:
Bloating or abdominal swelling
Pelvic or abdominal pain
Trouble eating or feeling full quickly (early satiety)
Urinary problems, such as an urgent or frequent need to urinateÂ
Other symptoms can include fatigue, back pain, indigestion, pain during sex, constipation, and changes in the menstrual cycle.Â
Risk Factors
The exact cause of most ovarian cancers is unknown, but several factors can increase risk.Â
Age: The risk increases as you get older, with about half of all cases diagnosed in women aged 63 or older.
Genetics: Inherited gene mutations, especially in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, are a major risk factor. A strong family history of ovarian or breast cancer is also a concern.
Reproductive history: Never having been pregnant or starting menstruation at an early age and menopause at a later age can increase risk.
Other factors: Being overweight or obese, having endometriosis, or using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after menopause can also increase risk.Â
Diagnosis and Treatment
There is currently no reliable screening test for ovarian cancer for the average-risk population. Diagnosis usually involves a pelvic exam, imaging tests such as an ultrasound or CT scan, and blood tests (like the CA-125 test). A definitive diagnosis is made through a biopsy, often during surgery to remove an ovarian mass.Â
Treatment is based on the type and stage of the cancer and typically involves a combination of the following:Â
Surgery: The main treatment to remove as much of the cancer as possible (debulking), which may include removing one or both ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the uterus.
Chemotherapy: Medications used to kill cancer cells, usually administered after surgery.
Targeted therapy: Drugs that target specific vulnerabilities in cancer cells, such as PARP inhibitors for cancers with BRCA gene mutations.
Hormone therapy: May be used for some slow-growing cancers by blocking hormones that cause growth.
Radiation therapy: Rarely used, but may help control symptoms in some cases.Â
Organizations like the Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance and the American Cancer Society offer support and resources for patients and families.